Ivy Tech Medical Law & Ethics Final Practice Exam

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• Which statement about surrogates is true?
• The Patient Self-Determination Act does NOT provide for legal prosecution of health care practitioners who influence a patient's decision in preparing advance directives.
• A type of affirmative defense in which the person who comes to the aid of someone in an emergency is held liable under certain circumstances
• An authorization in advance to withdraw artificial life support is
• Which statement best describes at-will employment?
• What does the acronym ePHI stand for in HIPAA terminology?
• In Indiana, who may provide consent for a patient who lacks capacity?
• The courts now hold that everyone associated with negligent actions is liable for damages.
• What is the primary role of a medical examiner or coroner when a patient dies under medical care?
• Res ipsa loquitur generally permits a finding of breach in medical malpractice cases when:
• Official authorization or approval for conforming to a specified standard for health care education programs, health care facilities, and managed care facilities is called?
• Which of the following best defines in vitro fertilization?
• Which statement about confidentiality is true in Indiana medical ethics?
• Why is meticulous medical record documentation critical in ethics and law?
• Decisions made by judges that become rule of law and apply to future cases are known as:
• Which principle emphasizes acting in the patient's best interest and promoting good?
• The doctrine that requires courts to follow established precedent is known as:
• New documentation used to add information to the original entry.
• The term damages in medical malpractice refers to property damages.
• A permanent change in DNA is called what?
• Which statement best describes Indiana medical malpractice statutes?
• Which form of causation requires showing that the injury would not have occurred but for the defendant's breach?
• Which term denotes a written statement of a person's wishes regarding medical treatment that may include a living will and power of attorney?
• The person against whom criminal or civil charges are brought is the:
• Which law provides protection to individuals who assist at an emergency and act within their training?
• Which term describes a negligence presumption when the event is obviously negligent and expert testimony is not required?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between the electronic medical record (EMR) and the medical record?
• Which statement about genetic counseling is true?
• Which term describes official recognition that an organization meets defined standards after evaluation?
• Which statement about minors' consent in Indiana is accurate?
• Which ethical theory is a consequence-oriented framework stating that decisions should maximize favorable outcomes for the greatest number?
• Which statement best describes stem cells?
• A lab technician provides basic aid at the scene of an accident and faces possible malpractice claims later. Which state law is likely to provide a defense?
• Which of the following is NOT an element of medical malpractice under common law?
• What is the primary purpose of the HIPAA Security Rule?
• What rights do patients have under HIPAA regarding access to their records?
• Which term describes the availability of health care and the means to purchase health care services?
• What is the physician's ethical obligation in discussing prognosis and treatment options with a patient at the end of life?
• Which term describes the digital version of the patient's chart used within a clinician's office?
• Which reproductive technologies are commonly discussed in bioethics?
• Which description best defines duty-oriented moral reasoning?
• The prudent person rule is a federal law that protects the healthcare professional who provides emergency care from liability.
• What must be present for a patient to legally refuse treatment?
• Which term describes a form of advance directive directing healthcare providers not to perform CPR if a patient stops breathing?
• What term describes a civil wrong that results from breach of a duty causing injury?
• Which statement about consent for incapacitated patients in Indiana is accurate?
• The person guilty of committing a tort is called?
• Distinguish between palliative care and euthanasia/physician-assisted suicide.
• Another term meaning death is:
• What is the term for the legal document that designates someone to make health care decisions for a patient who cannot do so?
• Which categories of safeguards does the HIPAA Security Rule require?
• Which statement about surrogate decision-making best aligns with patient autonomy?
• A civil wrong committed against a person or property, excluding breach of contract is called?
• Which scenario clearly constitutes boundary violation in a physician-patient relationship?
• The science that accounts for natural differences and resemblances among organisms related by descent is called what?
• An illegal act is almost always:
• Law that involves wrongful acts against persons is called what?
• The Patient Self-Determination Act does NOT provide for legal prosecution of health care practitioners who influence a patient's decision in preparing advance directives.
• An advance directive commonly includes a living will and a power of attorney. What is this document called?
• In surrogacy and reproductive technologies, which principle ensures patient understanding and agreement?
• What ethical principle refers to acts by health care professionals that promote the well-being of patients?
• Which is not typically considered a bioethical topic?
• A process by which health care providers use an electronic health record according to guidelines set by the federal government.
• Under Indiana law, informed consent must include which elements?
• In Indiana, which professionals are typically mandatory reporters of suspected child abuse?
• What are required elements of informed consent in research?
• Which term describes the time limit to file a lawsuit?
• Res judicata is the legal principle that a claim cannot be retried between the same parties if it has already been resolved.
• Which factor is essential in telemedicine to protect privacy?
• The remote delivery of healthcare services and clinical information using telecommunications technology is best described as?
• When may health information be disclosed for public health purposes without patient consent?
• Which field analyzes the moral issues arising from medical research and clinical practice?
• Prejudiced or prejudicial outlook, action, or treatment is known as what?
• Under the HIPAA Privacy Rule, who must safeguard electronic protected health information (ePHI)?
• Which statement about Do Not Resuscitate orders is true?
• In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need is at the base?
• Which statement is true about advance directives and surrogates?
• Criminal law involves crimes against the:
• What components are balanced in debates over adolescent contraception and abortion access?
• Which term best describes the formal process of appointing someone to make health care decisions on behalf of another?
• What is the name of the physician's pledge that remains influential today?
• Which statement about organ donation consent and allocation is accurate?
• Which ethical framework emphasizes duties and rules over consequences?
• Which statement about living wills and advance directives is true?
• In utilitarianism, which concept requires that a rule used in decision-making generalizes to produce positive results across a wide variety of situations?
• How is Maslow's theory of needs-based motivation best defined?
• Which term describes official accreditation when a program or facility is recognized for meeting defined standards after evaluation?
• Which principle emphasizes respecting a patient's right to make their own decisions?
• Vicarious liability in medical settings most commonly applies to which relationship?
• In professional liability, which statement correctly describes liability for employees?
• Which statement about the discovery rule in Indiana medical malpractice statutes is generally true?
• In cases of unethical behavior under AMA standards, which actions can the AMA board of examiners take?
• Which term describes care focused on relieving symptoms and improving comfort for patients at the end of life?
• Who is the person who commits a tort?
• Which of the following is commonly tested regarding Indiana reporting obligations?
• What does EMTALA require of emergency departments?
• Which term describes the protection of patient information related to substance abuse treatment?
• A collection of data recorded when a patient seeks medical treatment.
• What federal statute protects patients with histories of substance use regarding the release of information about treatment?
• Which topics are included under bioethics?
• Health care practitioners are legally liable for actions of their employees, performed in the course of employment.
• A voluntary agreement between two parties in which specific promises are made for consideration is called?
• Persons said to be in a persistent vegetative state:
• Which statement best describes the relationship between accreditation and licensure?
• Which principle requires respect for a patient's right to make decisions about their own care?
• When defendants allege that they have done no wrong, that defense is called:
• What are the three core principles of the Belmont Report relevant to medical research ethics?
• The stage of dying in which a patient may indicate a need to talk is Bargaining.
• Which term refers to the final cessation of bodily activity used to determine death when circulatory and respiratory functions have irreversibly ceased and the entire brain has irreversibly ceased to function?
• Medical malpractice insurance that covers the insured for any claims arising from an incident that occurred during the time the policy was in force, regardless of when the claim is made is called:
• Which individual may not be able to give informed consent for medical treatment?
• Which statutes are major fraud and abuse statutes impacting physicians and clinical practice?
• The document that becomes effective after incompetence and concerns healthcare decisions is known as a durable power of attorney for healthcare.
• State laws written for the express purpose of governing the practice of specific health care professions are called?
• Stare decisis means:
• Which statement best describes informed consent in malpractice defense?
• That period of time established by state law during which a lawsuit may be filed
• Which statement about surrogate decision-making in Indiana is accurate?
• An electroencephalogram is used to:
• Which statement best describes actual causation in medical malpractice?
• A person prone to engaging in lawsuits is described as:
• Punitive damages in medical malpractice are typically available in which situation?
• Which statement about Indiana medical malpractice statutes is most accurate?
• Ethics will be best determined by a gut reaction of what is right or wrong.
• Which statute specifically governs physician referrals based on financial relationships in some contexts?
• Under HIPAA, which entities regulate disclosures of health information?
• How should patients exercise their right to access medical records, and what timelines apply?
• In a hospital setting, who typically owns the patient records?
• Which of the following most accurately describes OSHA's general requirement for employers?
• Legal principle that a claim cannot be retried between the same parties if it has already been legally resolved
• A system in which financing, administration, and delivery of health care are combined to provide medical services to subscribers for a prepaid fee is called?
• Which statement best describes safeguards for vulnerable populations in medical research?
• Which statement best differentiates medical etiquette from medical ethics?
• In the context of surrogate decision-making, which statement is correct?
• Which statement about chromosomes is true?
• The authorization to withdraw artificial life support is an advanced directive.
• Indiana-specific topics commonly tested include which of the following?
• Doctrine of common knowledge—the situation that is so obviously negligent that no expert witnesses need to be called—is known as which term?
• Noneconomic damages in medical malpractice claims typically compensate which of the following?
• When a patient rolls up his sleeve to have his blood pressure taken, he is demonstrating what type of contract?
• The scenario where a medical assistant greets a patient who appears upset demonstrates what quality?
• Which document is specifically designed to withhold resuscitation efforts in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest?
• Which of the following is the term for permission given by a person for something to be done by another?
• Res ipsa loquitur allows an inference of breach when the event would not ordinarily occur without negligence.
• The determination of the duties or procedures that a person may perform under the auspices of a specific health care professional's license is known as what?
• Which term describes a court order requiring a witness to testify in court (without necessarily producing records)?
• In surrogacy and reproductive technologies, which principle is essential to respect patient autonomy and safety?
• Administrative law is the branch of public law that covers regulations set by government agencies.
• An unintentional tort alleged when one may have performed or failed to perform an act that a reasonable person would or would not have done in similar circumstances is called?
• Which term describes the act of performing a lawful act in an illegal or improper manner?
• The process used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue, or organism is called what?
• An affirmative defense claimed by the defendant, alleging that the plaintiff contributed to the injury by a certain degree is called what?
• In emergencies where immediate treatment is necessary and a patient cannot provide informed consent, which concept is typically applied?
• A code prescribing correct behavior in a specific situation, such as in a medical office scenario?
• Ordinary care includes administration of fluids, nutrition, and frequent turning of the patient.
• What is the term for the capacity to be one's own person and make independent decisions without external manipulation?
• Which issue is commonly involved in adolescent contraception and abortion access debates?
• Under the HIPAA Privacy Rule, patients have which rights?
• Which term corresponds to the ethical principle that seeks to promote the well-being of others?
• Which process creates an exact genetic copy of an organism?
• What are the core considerations in organ transplant ethics and consent?
• Which statement about comparative negligence is true?
• Indiana state ethics guidelines emphasize which of the following?
• Under _______, a claim may not be retried between the same two parties if it has been legally resolved.
• Which field studies inheritance and variation among organisms?
• Which term refers to irreversible cessation of all brain function, used to determine death?
• Palliative care is given in order to try to save a patient's life.
• Which federal law protects employees from potential discrimination?
• In Indiana, which statement describes emergency treatment and consent?
• What is the purpose of statutes of limitations in malpractice suits?
• Which term describes a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with economic, social or environmental disadvantage?
• What is the primary purpose of the HIPAA Privacy Rule?
• In malpractice risk management, which practice helps reduce liability by documenting patient interactions?
• Accreditation is usually voluntary.
• Which statement correctly defines a deposition?
• OSHA standards state that infectious materials include which of the following?
• Bioethics topics include which of the following?
• Risk management is a process to minimize danger, hazards, and liability.
• What is the primary ethical/legal purpose of mandatory reporting of suspected child abuse?
• OSHA standards require employers to provide what to ensure chemical safety?
• Bioethics is primarily concerned with what?
• How does organ donation consent typically work, and what are allocation considerations?
• A digital version of the patient's chart in a clinician's office.
• What is the focus of predictive genetic testing?
• How is the standard of care determined in malpractice cases?
• Forms of electronic communication through which users create online communications?
• When a patient refuses recommended treatment in Indiana, which principle best fits ethical practice?
• Licensure to practice medicine is done by:
• Abortion laws influence clinical practice primarily by requiring clinicians to what?
• What is Good Clinical Practice (GCP) in the context of clinical trials?
• Which term best describes a rule of conduct or action that is binding or enforced by a controlling authority?
• Which of the following are key protections under the HIPAA Privacy Rule?
• Who can give advice regarding the course of medical treatment?
• In surrogacy arrangements, which element clarifies legal and medical parentage?
• The term used for the liability limit for those who assist in emergencies, where liability may be imposed under certain circumstances
• A secure online site that gives patients 24-hour availability to their health records is called a
• Which statement about advance directives and surrogates is true?
• The act of acknowledging and validating a patient’s feelings during care best illustrates which practice?
• T or F: The entire healthcare team is responsible for explaining to the patient the risk of any experimental treatment.
• What legal document requires the recipient to appear as a witness in court or to give a deposition?
• Which action is NOT a threat to the confidentiality of a patient’s medical record?
• What is a durable power of attorney for health care?
• A court order that requires a witness to appear in court with certain records is called.
• Cells that have the potential to become any type of body cell are known as what?
• Units within the cell nuclei where genetic material is stored are called what?
• Which are the four essential elements of informed consent?
• What safeguards exist to prevent fraud in clinical trials?
• Which statement about capacity criteria is true?
• EMTALA applies to which settings?
• Which term is used as a synonym for death in the material?
• What is the current general legal status of physician-assisted suicide in many states, and why does this matter for medical ethics?
• Which statement is most accurate about liability for negligent actions?
• What is the process called when applicants who meet specific requirements may receive a certification?
• The performance of a lawful act in an illegal or improper manner describes which concept?
• If one has 6 months or less to live, the person is said to be
• In medical law, the legal rights and obligations primarily affect which group?
• Under the reasonable person standard, which scenario might lead to negligence?
• Which term describes a conscious medical act that results in the death of a person who is dying?
• Which historic studies or codes shaped modern research ethics in medicine?
• Which term defines the legal domain that specifies the medical tasks a licensed professional may perform?
• Which term describes a condition of deep stupor from which the patient cannot be roused by external stimuli?
• Are bloodborne pathogens the only disease-producing microorganisms?
• Which term describes a legal framework that sets rules for the medical profession in a jurisdiction?
• Which is a confidentiality exception physicians are allowed or required to disclose without patient consent?
• What role do Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) play in research ethics?
• How is patient capacity assessed?
• DNA testing might be indicated in which of the following situations?
• Which term refers to treatment aimed at relieving symptoms and making the patient more comfortable?
• What factors determine a patient's ability to refuse life-sustaining treatment?
• Which term is a written statement of a person's wishes regarding medical treatment, often including a living will or a power of attorney?
• Under employment at will, who has the right to terminate the employment relationship?
• What describes the relationship between ethics and law in healthcare?
• Which factor is not required to activate an advance directive?
• The authority that governs the practice of medicine.
• What does a DNI order specify, and how does it differ from a DNR?
• Which action is appropriate when sharing patient information to support treatment, without compromising confidentiality?
• Define conflict of interest in medical research and its ethical implications.
• There is often confusion about the right thing to do relating to critical decisions in healthcare.
• Abortion law restrictions vary by jurisdiction. Which statement best reflects this?
• Which principle obligates healthcare providers to avoid causing harm?
• Maddie's father developed Huntington's disease; she is healthy but wants to be tested to see if she has the gene. What type of genetic testing will she have?
• Which of the following is a typical requirement for reporting obligations in Indiana?
• Which statement correctly lists the four core principles of medical ethics?
• Virtue ethics focuses on which aspects of moral character?
• Who owns the records of patients when a clinician is an employee at a hospital?
• What is the effect of a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order in patient care?
• Which question is illegal to ask a job applicant?
• The stage of dying in which the patient may indicate a need to talk is:
• A legal document that goes into effect after the person becomes incompetent and only pertains to healthcare decisions is called?
• Which term denotes the obligation to avoid causing harm to patients?
• Which of the following is a confidentiality exception that may be disclosed without patient consent?
• General guidelines to avoid malpractice include all of the following EXCEPT:
• Which term denotes the federal process guiding the use of electronic health records to improve patient care?
• Which factor is essential to determining capacity?
• Sworn testimony given and recorded outside the courtroom during the pretrial phase of a case is called what?